IIRC* its because of the way that the different SQL versions optimised some queries - under standard this caused performance problems.
If your non-production environments are on unsupported stacks then it's your problem when something goes wrong / you identify a bug - if you can live with that risk (and you can get it to run on unsupported stacks) then in my opinion that is up to you - but you should expect no support/help from CA when trying to get it running or when you have any problems with it (problems would need to be recreated on a supported stack if you require support).
(I don't work for CA so take that advice as advice not anything formal, you would need to talk to your account representative for that)
EDIT: * - what I'm remembering was based on discussions like this one ; SQL Server 2008 R2 - STANDARD Edition - Acceptable/Impact?