Following up on this, I placed a ticket to support for this question, and as of this today (March 14, 2017, for future reference) the reply is that:
We have tested Service Virtualization version 9.5.1 with Microsoft SQL Server versions 2008 R2, 2012, and 2014. We currently have not test 9.5.1 with Microsoft SQL Server 2016. We do not recommend using Microsoft SQL Server 2016 since we have not verified it yet.
So I'll mark this as "answered".