Java and .NET monitoring work based on detecting class/method execution with particular signature, so anything that is executing can be monitored, and some intelligence in the agents to monitor things that look interesting/useful to the application.
Also there can be custom code deployed in the agent to interact with application API to get other data, that is a potential large area for extension.
EPAgent can virtually report anything, it is a vessel to run script, Java plugins and can also receive data through HTTP/REST and network data (XML)
There is also Node.JS and PHP monitoring productized.
So the answer to the full list is, it is very full in possibility but what comes out of the box is different.
It is better to tell us what sort of application/frameworks you intend to monitor, then we can tell you what should come out of the box, and what would need further customization.