The CDM probe can not change its polling or alarm interval one a threshold is reached.
you can set the CDM probe to send an alarm on each sample:
cdm IM Configuration - CA Unified Infrastructure Management Probes - CA Technologies Documentation
see the general tab.
Most people would set this up in nas to an email notification on over due 5 minutes.
You could set it up for on interval of 5 minutes the problem with this is that if you have 10K alarms every 5 minutes it must read through them all and this could negatively impact other alarms.
Might be better to setup multiple AO for the email for overdue age of 5 minute increments as needed.