The HOST table holds a few settings, but very few and not the ones you mention. There is SOME stuff there though, such as HOST_MAXWAITINGFT, the license category (different from the one one sets in the INI!) and seemingly things related to Centralized Agent Update.
Most is in the INI file, however, or in memory. Or both (trace flags).
FileProcessingMaxDepth can be set in the ini file or individually in Events. Though the precedence is unknown (as you yourself already discovered earlier ;) ).
Hope this helps,
Carsten